This page tracks Internet Exchanges (IXs) and broadband performance across California. IXs are where networks meet to exchange traffic directly, and their presence in a state is a key indicator of its digital infrastructure maturity.
Internet Exchanges? Unique Internet Exchanges with presence in at least one facility in California.
29
+0 vs prior monthFacilities with an IX? Data centers in California that host at least one Internet Exchange.
52
+0 vs prior monthNetworks? Unique networks with presence in at least one facility in California.
1,158
+11 vs prior monthAvg Download Speed? Average fixed broadband download speed in California, weighted by number of tests per area.
368 Mbps
+19.7 Mbps vs prior quarterAvg Latency? Average network latency in California. Lower is better. More local peering reduces round-trip time.
15 ms
+0.0 ms vs prior quarterIX data via PeeringDB. Speed data: Speedtest® by Ookla® Open Data.
Internet exchanges reduce latency by keeping local traffic local. Without a nearby IX, data between two networks in the same city may travel hundreds of miles to a distant peering point and back. Low latency is increasingly critical for AI workloads, where model training, inference, and distributed computing all depend on fast data exchange between facilities.
IX Growth & Network Latency
Internet Exchange Organizations by Peers
| Rank | Organization | IXs | Peers? Total unique networks peering across all IXs operated by this organization. | Facilities | Countries | Speed? Total port capacity across all IXs operated by this organization. |
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Internet Exchanges by Peers
| Rank | Internet Exchange | Peers? Number of unique networks (ASNs) peering at this IX. | Facilities | Countries | Speed? Total port capacity across all connected networks. |
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Top 25 Interconnection Facilities by IX Presence
| Rank | Facility | IXs | Nets (Phys)? Networks with physical equipment at this facility. | Nets (Virt)? Networks peering at IXs in this facility without physical presence. | City |
|---|
Top 25 Networks by IX Connections
| Rank | Network | IXs | Facilities | Countries |
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The map below shows peering-capable data centers in California. States with dense clusters of IX-connected facilities are better positioned to attract AI infrastructure and data center investment.
IX Facilities in California
This map only shows this region's data. View the world map here →
Cities with Internet Exchanges in California
Each city page below details which networks are physically present at local facilities and which additional networks become virtually accessible through the IXs, showing the full scope of peering options available without requiring physical colocation.
= Metro Area with "Meet Me In..." research article. BOLD = Metro Area. Italic = City within a neighboring-state metro area
Internet Exchanges in California
Internet exchanges registered in California on PeeringDB, with the number of networks present at each.
- Any2West (268 peers) CoreSite - Any2West
- Equinix San Jose (188 peers) Equinix Internet Exchange San Jose (Bay Area)
- FCIX (148 peers) Fremont Cabal Internet Exchange
- NetIX (130 peers) NetIX Communications Ltd.
- EVIX (114 peers) Experimental Virtual Internet Exchange
- FREMIX (112 peers) Fremont Metro Internet Exchange
- SFMIX (96 peers) San Francisco Metropolitan Internet Exchange
- Equinix Los Angeles (86 peers) Equinix Internet Exchange Los Angeles
- BBIX US-West (82 peers) BroadBand Internet eXchange US-West
- Equinix Palo Alto (72 peers) Equinix Internet Exchange Palo Alto
- Zero Internet eXchange San Jose (35 peers)
- PR-IX (29 peers) Puerto Rico Internet Exchange, Inc.
- MegaIX Los Angeles (28 peers) Megaport MegaIX Los Angeles
- NYIIX Los Angeles (27 peers) New York International Internet eXchange - Los Angeles
- JumboIX Peru (26 peers) Jumbo Internet Exchange powered by IPTP Networks
- Lambda-IX (26 peers) Lambda Internet Exchange
- ARIX (19 peers) Amateur Radio Internet Exchange
- MegaIX Bay Area (16 peers) Megaport MegaIX Bay Area
- Pacific Wave (15 peers) Pacific Wave Exchange in LA, Sunnyvale and Seattle
- AMS-IX Bay Area (8 peers) AMS-IX Bay Area
- DACS-IX West (8 peers) DACS-IX West Region
- Global Peer Exchange (8 peers) Global Peer Exchange
- BGP.Exchange (7 peers)
- Ninja-IX Sacramento (7 peers) Ninja-IX Sacramento
- Ninja-IX Bay Area (4 peers)
- Port IX (4 peers) Port pOrt poRt porT INTERNET EXCHANGE
- MorePeering Los Angeles (2 peers)
- NASA-AIX (1 peer) NASA Ames Internet eXchange
- XSIX FMT (1 peer) Xentain Solutions Internet Exchange Point - Fremont
Source: PeeringDB · Updated daily
Neighboring States
Compare California's IX infrastructure with neighboring states. Each state page tracks internet exchange growth, facility counts, and network latency trends.
Arizona 
Oregon 
Nevada Speedtest® by Ookla® Global Fixed and Mobile Network Performance Maps. Based on Newby Ventures' analysis of Speedtest® by Ookla® Global Fixed and Mobile Network Performance Map Data for Q1 2019 – Q4 2025. Ookla trademarks used under license and reprinted with permission.
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Frequently Asked Questions
What is an Internet Exchange? ▾
An Internet Exchange (IX) is where multiple networks connect to exchange traffic directly, rather than routing through third parties. This reduces costs, improves performance, and lowers latency for end users.
IXs are typically housed in carrier-neutral data centers where no single network has control, creating a level playing field for all participants. Networks connect via switches and exchange traffic through peering agreements. A single IX may have a physical presence in multiple facilities across a state or region.
Learn more in the NV Research AI Interconnection book/interview →
What is the source of this data? ▾
IX infrastructure data on this page is sourced from PeeringDB, a freely available database of networks and interconnection facilities maintained by the global network operator community. PeeringDB data is self-reported by network operators and facility owners.
Broadband performance data (download speed, upload speed, and latency) is sourced from Speedtest® by Ookla® open data, aggregated quarterly at the state level.
How many Internet Exchanges are in California? ▾
As of the latest data, California has 29 Internet Exchanges present across 52 facilities, with 1,158 unique networks physically connected.
These numbers are updated monthly from PeeringDB. See the chart above for historical trends.
Why does Internet Exchange location matter for California? ▾
The physical location of Internet Exchanges directly impacts network performance, cost, and resilience for users and businesses in California:
- Latency: Local IXs keep California traffic local, reducing round-trip times
- Cost: Direct peering at local IXs reduces transit costs for California ISPs
- Resilience: Multiple local interconnection points prevent single points of failure
- Economic development: IXs attract network investment, data centers, and digital businesses to California
Without local IXs, California traffic may be "tromboned" through distant cities, adding latency and cost.
Why are internet exchanges important for AI inference? ▾
Real-time inference and edge inference workloads require the lowest possible latency to deliver instant responses. Internet exchanges provide direct peering between networks, minimizing the number of network hops and reducing round-trip time.
This is critical for real-time inference applications like conversational AI and autonomous vehicles, as well as edge inference deployments that process data closer to end users rather than in centralized cloud data centers.
What is the average internet latency in California? ▾
The average fixed broadband latency in California is currently 15 ms, based on Speedtest® by Ookla® open data. Latency measures the round-trip time for data to travel between a user and a server. Lower values mean faster, more responsive connections.
States with more Internet Exchanges tend to have lower latency because traffic can be exchanged locally rather than being routed through distant cities. See the chart above for California's historical latency trend alongside IX growth.
Which cities in California have internet exchanges? ▾
California has Internet Exchange presence in 14 cities: El Segundo, Fremont, Irvine, Los Angeles, Milpitas, Mountain View, Palo Alto, Sacramento, San Francisco, San Francisco (Bay Area), San Jose, Santa Clara, Santa Clara (Bay Area), Sunnyvale.
Each city page shows which networks are physically present and which additional networks become virtually accessible through IX peering. See the cities list above for links to detailed data.
Which Internet Exchanges (IXs) are in California? ▾
California is home to 29 Internet Exchanges, including: Any2West, Equinix San Jose, FCIX, NetIX, EVIX, FREMIX, SFMIX, Equinix Los Angeles, BBIX US-West, Equinix Palo Alto, Zero Internet eXchange San Jose, PR-IX, MegaIX Los Angeles, NYIIX Los Angeles, JumboIX Peru, Lambda-IX, ARIX, MegaIX Bay Area, Pacific Wave, AMS-IX Bay Area, DACS-IX West, Global Peer Exchange, BGP.Exchange, Ninja-IX Sacramento, Ninja-IX Bay Area, Port IX, MorePeering Los Angeles, NASA-AIX, XSIX FMT. Each IX enables networks to peer directly, reducing latency and transit costs.
How does California's IX infrastructure compare to neighboring states? ▾
California currently has 29 Internet Exchanges. Here's how neighboring states compare:
- Arizona: 7 IXs, 16 ms avg latency
- Oregon: 7 IXs, 16 ms avg latency
- Nevada: 4 IXs, 16 ms avg latency
See the neighboring states section for links to each state's full IX data page.
Cite This Data
When referencing this data in publications, reports, or presentations:
